Why do the judges and lawyers wear those white wigs during court? Do they symbolize something?

Court dress in England and Wales

Where court dress is worn

Court dress is worn at hearings in open court in all courts of the Supreme Court of Judicature and in county courts. However, court dress may be dispensed with at the option of the judge, e.g. in very hot weather, and invariably where it may intimidate children, e.g. in the Family Division and at the trials of minors. In the House of Lords and in the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council counsel wear court dress, but their Lordships are dressed in conventional business attire.

Court dress is not worn at hearings in chambers and in the magistrates' courts.

English advocates (whether barristers or solicitors) who appear before a judge who is robed, or before the House of Lords or Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, must themselves be robed.

All male advocates wear a white stiff wing collar with bands (two strips of linen about 5" by 1" hanging down the front of the neck). They also wear either a dark suit (usually with waistcoat if single-breasted) or a black coat and waistcoat and grey pinstriped trousers. The black coat and waistcoat can be combined into a single garment, which is simply a waistcoat with sleeves, known as a bar jacket or court waistcoat. Female advocates also wear a dark suit, but often wear bands attached to a collarette rather than a wing collar.

Junior barristers wear an open-fronted black gown with open sleeves, gathered and decorated with buttons and ribbons, and a gathered yoke, over a black or dark suit, hence the term stuffgownsman for juniors. In addition barristers wear a short horsehair wig with curls at the side and ties down the back.

Solicitors wear an open-fronted black gown similar to that worn by a QC save that the material used is the same as a junior barrister's gown over a black or dark suit and may wear a short horsehair wig with curls at the side and ties down the back.

A QC in court dress

Barristers or solicitors who have been appointed Queen's Counsel, or QCs, wear a silk gown with a flap collar and long closed sleeves (the arm opening is half-way up the sleeve). The QC's black coat, known as a court coat, is cut like 18th-century court dress, and the sleeve of the QC's court coat or bar jacket has a turnback cuff with three buttons across.

On ceremonial occasions, and when appearing at the bar of the House of Lords (nowadays this usually only happens when the decision of the House is given), QCs wear ceremonial dress (see below).

Judges

Until 2008, judges in the Family and Chancery divisions of the courts wore the same black silk gown and court coat or bar jacket as QCs, as did judges in the Court of Appeal. All judges wore a short bench wig when working in criminal court, reserving the long wig for ceremonial occasions, and a wing collar and bands.

From autumn 2008, judges in all civil and family cases began to wear a newly designed robe with no wig, collar or bands, over an ordinary business suit and tie.

Judges in the highest courts, the House of Lords and the Privy Council, have never worn court dress at all (although advocates appearing before them do), as they are sitting respectively as legislators and Privy Counsellors. Instead they are dressed in ordinary business clothing.

It is in intermediate courts that try cases at first instance (with a jury in criminal cases) that court dress is the most complicated.

High Court judges

When dealing with first-instance criminal business in the winter, a High Court judge of the Queen's Bench Division wears a scarlet robe with fur facings, a black scarf and girdle (waistband) and a scarlet casting-hood or tippet. When dealing with criminal business in the summer, the judge wears a similar scarlet robe, but with silk rather than fur facings.

When he tries civil cases, until 2008 he wore in winter a black robe faced with fur, a black scarf and girdle and a scarlet tippet; in summer, a violet robe faced with silk, with the black scarf and girdle and scarlet tippet. However, from autumn 2008, in civil and family cases, the prescribed dress consisted only of a robe of modern design over ordinary business clothing, with no wig, collar or bands.

Circuit judges

A circuit judge (in the County courts or the Crown court) used to wear a violet robe with lilac facings. As well as a girdle, the judge wears a tippet (sash) over the left shoulder - lilac when dealing with civil business and red when dealing with crime. However, from autumn 2008 he retains this dress only in criminal cases (the Crown Court) and will wear only a robe with no wig in other cases.

Special occasions

On red letter days (which include the Sovereign's birthday and certain saints' days) all judges wear the scarlet robe for the appropriate season.

On special ceremonial occasions (such as the opening of the legal year) judges and QCs wear long wigs (hence the colloquial phrase "big wig"), black breeches and silk stockings, and wear lace jabots instead of bands. High court judges in addition have a scarlet and fur mantle, which is worn with his gold chain of office in the case of the Lord Chief Justice. The Lord Chancellor and judges of the Court of Appeal have black silk damask gowns heavily embellished with gold embroidery.

Reform

In July 2007 the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales announced the changes that will be made to court working dress in the English and Welsh courts. The reforms were due to take effect on the 1st January 2008. However, following reports of strong opposition to the proposed changes, they were put on hold [1]. They took effect as of autumn 2008.

Judges in the civil and family courts no longer wear traditional dress; however, Circuit Judges continue to wear their current gown in the county court. The array of robes worn by High Court Judges has been abolished and replaced by a modernised and significantly simplified robe. The wearing of wigs in the civil and family courts has been completely abolished. High Court judges presiding over criminal trials in the Crown Court now appear in the robes they currently wear in the winter. No further changes are planned for the working dress of judges in the criminal courts, save possibly for the Divisional Court.

These changes will be reflected in the dress allowances made to judges. Furthermore, newly appointed Circuit Judges will no longer receive an allowance to buy full-bottomed wigs. Whilst the one-off cost of supplying the new civil gown is estimated at about £200,000, annual savings in the region of £300,000 are expected.

The Chairman of the Bar announced in April 2008 that, as a result of a survey of the profession, the Bar would recommend that advocates should retain their existing formal robes (including wigs) in all cases, civil and criminal, with possible exceptions in the County Court. In a letter to the profession, he said (in part):

"Criminal barristers will keep wigs and gowns, as the Lord Chief Justice intends to keep the current court dress in criminal proceedings. The Bar is a single advocacy profession with specialisation in particular practice areas. There is logic in having the same formal court dress, where formality and robes are required, for criminal and civil barristers... There is strong identification of the Bar of England and Wales in the public's mind and its formal dress nationally and internationally."

New robes for judges were designed by Betty Jackson and unveiled in May 2008[2], although a survey of judges published in March 2009 revealed substantial opposition to the new designs, as well as widespread annoyance at the lack of consultation prior to the change.

Scotland

Scottish court dress is very similar to English court dress, but there are notable differences. For example, Scottish advocates wear tail coats under their gowns, and wear white bow ties instead of bands. QCs and judges wear long scarf-like ties (known as falls) instead of bands.

Scottish judicial robes are also very different from English ones.
 
For example, one day in summer it could be nice, sunny and warm, and the next day it could be windy, cold and rainy. This pattern is replicated all over the UK.


That's all true... except for the 'sunny and warm' bit :D
 
or you could have said it's a silly tradition.

LoL. Sure he could of taken the easy way out, but I appreciate his answer. That was interesting.
 

jasonk282

Banned
Why Cockney? I don't understand
 
Why Cockney? I don't understand



One of the firmest and versions on etymology of the word 'cockney' suggests that it comes from 'cock' and 'egg' (Middle English 'coken' + 'ey' = cokeney, literally – 'cock's egg'), surrealistically nutritious, isn't it? At first it meant a misshapen egg, then a person ignorant of country ways.

According to some stable sources the word 'cockney' is well-related to the Normans. The thing is, London was referred to by the Normans as the 'Land of sugar Cake' (Old French: pais de cocaigne) meaning an imaginary land of luxury and idleness. A humorous name 'Cocaigne' referred to all of London and its surrounding areas. There's a hypothesis that this word has changed over time (passing through Cocagne, Cockayne, through Middle English Cocknay and finally Cockney).
 

jasonk282

Banned
One of the firmest and versions on etymology of the word 'cockney' suggests that it comes from 'cock' and 'egg' (Middle English 'coken' + 'ey' = cokeney, literally – 'cock's egg'), surrealistically nutritious, isn't it? At first it meant a misshapen egg, then a person ignorant of country ways.

According to some stable sources the word 'cockney' is well-related to the Normans. The thing is, London was referred to by the Normans as the 'Land of sugar Cake' (Old French: pais de cocaigne) meaning an imaginary land of luxury and idleness. A humorous name 'Cocaigne' referred to all of London and its surrounding areas. There's a hypothesis that this word has changed over time (passing through Cocagne, Cockayne, through Middle English Cocknay and finally Cockney).


All well and dandy but why all the rhyming?
 
Same reason as pig latin so that a small group of people could communicate while a larger one look on in bewilderment
Yep, the origins are not clear but one belief is that it was the london market traders, being able to talk to each other without their customers knowing what they were on about. In a similar vein, it may have also originated with the criminal types, either in prison or, with the advent of a Police Force rogues & thieves could talk freely about their latest upcoming blag without the peelers knowing what they were on about.
 
You'll have to bear in mind that in the UK we just have weather - we don't have set climate. For example, one day in summer it could be nice, sunny and warm, and the next day it could be windy, cold and rainy. This pattern is replicated all over the UK.


I didnt know that. I would have imagined it got at least a little hotter or cooler depending on where you were


Whats the Hottest it gets in England then?






Why was the "Ask an American" thread moved to the games forum?

http://board.freeones.com/showthread.php?t=297610



Because Americans Suck
 
Whats the Hottest it gets in England then?

The record is a little over 36C (100F)

The South East is considerably warmer than the rest of the country.

In most parts of England anything over 20C (68F) has people blowing out their cheeks and talking about droughts.
 
Whats the Hottest it gets in England then?

The record is a little over 36C (100F)

The South East is considerably warmer than the rest of the country.

In most parts of England anything over 20C (68F) has people blowing out their cheeks and talking about droughts.

Our climate is moderated by the sea so we never get extreme weather.I live in the Midlands , further north than Winnipeg yet often in the winter it's warm enough to go out without a coat.
 
All well and dandy but why all the rhyming?

It's partially due to the fact that many who use cockney rhyming slang were originally highwaymen and associated criminals who would use this particular speech in order to confuse the local militia regiments and latterly the Bow Street Runners - the forefathers of the Metropolitan Police.
 
Now, I would like to know the answer to this question.LOL

The answer is that Harry, known as Harry Hewitt on internet forums up and down the Kingdom, is the son of an union between Hewitt Senior and Princess Diana. You only have to look at the pictures of Hewitt Junior and compare the striking similarities between him and Hewitt Senior.
 
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