For an alternative transportation fuel to be a substitute for conventional gasoline, the alternative fuel should (i) have superior environmental benefits, (ii) be economically competitive, (iii) have meaningful supplies to meet energy demands, and (iv) have a positive NEV (11). The results of this study demonstrate that switchgrass grown and managed as a biomass energy crop produces >500% more renewable energy than energy consumed in its production and has significant environmental benefits, as estimated by net GHG emissions as well as soil conservation benefits (1). In this study, we used a constant previously published conversion rate. It is expected that biomass conversion rates will be improved in the future because of both genetic modifications of biomass feedstocks and improvements in conversion technology, which should result in improvement in net energy for switchgrass. Compared with low-input prairies, switchgrass grown and managed as a biomass energy crop can produce significantly greater biomass per hectare, which makes it a more feasible system for providing meaningful supplies of biomass to meet energy demands; it also has fully equivalent NEV.