General Motors said Monday that it planned to idle five factories in North America and cut more than 14,000 blue-collar and salaried jobs in a bid to trim costs.
The action follows similar job-cutting moves by Ford Motor in the face of slowing sales and a shift in consumer tastes, driven in part by low gasoline prices.
The five G.M. plants will halt production next year, resulting in the layoff of 3,300 production workers in the United States and about 3,000 in Canada. The company also aims to trim its salaried staff by 8,000.
“We are taking this action now while the company and the economy are strong to keep ahead of changing market conditions,” Mary T. Barra, G.M.’s chief executive, said in a conference call.
The plants include three car factories: one in Lordstown, Ohio, that makes the Chevrolet Cruze compact; the Detroit-Hamtramck plant, where the Chevrolet Volt, Buick LaCrosse and Cadillac CT6 are produced; and a plant in Oshawa, Ontario, which primarily makes the Chevrolet Impala. In addition, the company will halt operations at transmission plants in the Baltimore area and in Warren, Mich.
Some of the affected plants could resume production, depending on the outcome of contract negotiations with the United Auto Workers union next year.
Word of the cutbacks in Canada had surfaced over the weekend. Within an hour of G.M.’s announcement, workers walked out of the Oshawa plant into a driving rain. Waving red flags and clad in ponchos bearing the logo of their union, Unifor, they began blockading truck entrances.
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said he had expressed his “deep disappointment” about the closing to Ms. Barra. He added that the government is looking at measures to help jobless G.M. workers “get back on their feet.”
The cuts also drew political fire in the United States, where President Trump vowed early in his term to increase automaking jobs and brought pressure on the industry not to shift work to Mexico and overseas. Senator Rob Portman, Republican of Ohio, said, “I am deeply frustrated with General Motors’ decision to shut down its Lordstown plant and disappointed with how the hardworking employees there have been treated throughout this process.”
The United Auto Workers said G.M.’s move “will not go unchallenged.” Closing American plants while expanding production in China and Mexico is “profoundly damaging to our American work force,” said the union vice president in charge of negotiations with G.M., Terry Dittes.
But investors welcomed the news, sending the company’s shares up about 5 percent to their highest level since July.
For the last several years, as gas prices have remained low, consumers have gravitated toward bigger, roomier vehicles like pickup trucks and sport-utility vehicles. Demand for small and midsize cars has plunged. Earlier this year, Ford said it would stop making sedans for the North American market and announced cuts in its work force.
The companies have also paid a price for the tariff battle that Mr. Trump set in motion. In June G.M. slashed its profit outlook for the year because tariffs on steel were driving up its costs. The company does not import a great deal of steel into the United States, but the increased demand for domestic steel has raised prices.
Ms. Barra said G.M. would set aside up to $2 billion in cash to pay for the job reductions, and take noncash charges against its pretax earnings of about $1.8 billion. The charges will affect earnings in the fourth quarter of 2018 and the first quarter of 2019.
Until last month, G.M. had been offering severance packages to entice salaried employees in North America to leave the company. In January, the company plans to cut additional white-collar jobs on an involuntary basis. Between the two actions, it aims to eliminate 8,000 salaried jobs, or about 15 percent of its white-collar workers in North America.
The U.A.W. is preparing to negotiate new contracts with G.M., Ford and Fiat Chrysler next year. In recent years, the union has agreed to concessions in exchange for promises by the manufacturers to keep plants open.